Content of the Volume 34.
Hagyó, A.: The vegetation of the marsh meadow of Zákányszék
Suprakash Kar and Aditya, A. K.: Biological control of mosquitoes by aquatic planaria
Virágh, K. and Bartha, S.: Species turnover as a function of vegetation pattern
Wilhelm, A.: Growth of the mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum) in river Ér
Hagyó, A. (2003): The vegetation of the marsh meadow of Zákányszék. - Tiscia 34, 3-13.
Abstract. The marsh meadow of Zákányszék is a valuable semi-natural grass. During its mapping survey ten protected plant species were found. The area contains marsh meadows and sand dunes uprising from them. The vegetation is mosaic-like in accordance with the variable microrelief. Among the valuable vegetation types of the area there are typical and transitional types as well. Altogether eleven vegetation units can be differentiated. Three of them are transitional ones that don't only cover transitional stripes but also extended areas. Numerical methods also validated these vegetation types.
Keywords: grasslands, indirect gradient
analysis, marshes, numerical methods, vegetation mapping
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Suprakash Kar and A. K. Aditya (2003): Biological control of mosquitoes by aquatic planaria. - Tiscia 34, 15-18.
Abstract. This paper presents an idea of biological control of mosquitoes by their predators, the planarians. The suggested technique for biological control would be of special interest, because unlike pesticides, it does not cause secondary environmental effects as pollutant. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the potential application of planarians as predators of the mosquitoes at their developmental stage.
Key words: environment, mosquito, planaria,
prey-predator
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Homor, P., Pfeiffer, I. and Pénzes, Zs. (2003): Genetic (RAPD) diversity in two Armadillidium vulgare populations. - Tiscia 34, 19-22.
Abstract. In this preliminary study, we investigated the effects of short-term habitat fragmentation on genetic (RAPD) diversity in two Armadillidium vulgare populations. Overall, the gene diversity seemed to be moderate. Genetic structure was analyzed at two levels corresponding to two spatial scales: within and between populations. Using different approaches, the overall FST=0.2 suggested genetic differentiation between the populations. The genetic structure of A. vulgare populations appears to have been affected by short-term habitat fragmentation.
Key words: habitat fragmentation, isolation,
migration.
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Abstract. In 30th January, 2000 the dam of the clarifying plant of an Australian-Romanian mining-company named Aurul Corporation located on the border of Zazár settlement near to Nagybánya was broken through and more than 100,000 m3 cyanide-containing water polluted with metal-complex had got into the Szamos through Lápos-stream then finally into the Tisza. According to the calculations referring to the turnover of substances the whole amount of about 105-110 ton cyanide remained in aqueous phase and together with attached heavy metals it left Hungary at the exit of polluting wave. The Ministry of Environmental Protection has elaborated a program of investigation for surveying the environmental and natural damages of the Szamos and the Tisza caused by cyanide pollution originated from Romania. The organic part of this program was the investigation with laminar stream performed in the longitudinal section of the Tisza which happened between 19th and 30th September in 2000 at the whole Hungarian reach of the Tisza from Tiszabecs to Tiszasziget. Bacteriological examinations were performed from water and sediment. In the seventh month after marching down of pollution the hygienic bacteriological state of water of the Tisza developed according to the characteristics of the autumn state with low water. The effect of cyanide pollution on the aquatic communities of microbes has not been already detectable. However, the results of bacteriological investigations with the character of material-cycles can be considered as a basic research on the Hungarian reach of the river Tisza.
Keywords: cyanide pollution, microbial cycles
of elements, sampling with laminar stream.
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Horváth, Gy. and Wagner, Z. (2003): Age- and density dependent survival in a yellow-necked wood mouse Apodemus flavicollis (Melch.) population of a forest habitat. - Tiscia 34, 33-39.
Abstract. A 10-month live trapping investigation was carried out in a Querco robori-Carpinetum habitat in south-Hungary in 1997. During a total of 6050 trap-nights with 5-night sessions, 306 A. flavicollis individuals were captured and marked, and for their demographic parameters, age-dependent survival models were tested using the JOLLYAGE program. The estimators in the program recorded a September population maximum for A. flavicollis. Adults had significantly higher survival rates which decreased as the population grew. Survival probability and capture probability were significantly correlated with age. Based on goodness-of-fit tests our data fitted all three models of JOLLYAGE; the group of age-dependent models proved to be appropriate for our A. flavicollis capture data. A comparison of the models revealed that the general model A2 rejected B2 which is reduced in its calculation of survival rate, but it did not reject model D2 which uses constant capture and survival probability. Accordingly, based on our model selection results we consider the simplest D2 model with reduced parameters to be the most appropriate.
Keywords: Apodemus flavicollis, survival
analyses, age-dependence, JOLLYAGE
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Horváth, Gy. and Wagner, Z. (2003): Effect of densities of two coexistent small mammal populations on the survival of Apodemus flavicollis in a forest habitat. - TISCIA 34, 41-46.
Abstract. Small mammal populations were observed by live-trapping in a forest reserve area of Querco robori-Carpinetum plant association on the Dráva Lowlands in southern Hungary in 1997. During the 6050 trap-nights resulting from the 5-night sampling periods, 306 individuals of Apodemus flavicollis, 269 of A. agrarius and 293 of Clethrionomys glareolus were captured and marked. The comparative analysis of population dynamics showed that synchronous changes in the number of individuals occurred only in the case of C. glareolus and A. agrarius, while in the other two pairings these changes advanced without any similarities. The interaction matrix which was constructed based on the calculated partial regression coefficient, indicated negative interaction relation among the three species. The present study investigates whether the densities of the two coexistent populations have an effect on the survival of A. flavicollis. The hypothesis was analysed with the program MARK. A constrained-parameter model was designed and our assumption was proved: according to the model selection procedure the survival of A. flavicollis is influenced by the two coexistent populations. In further analyses the values of estimated survival probabilities were compared and as a result no consistent difference could be indicated between the survival probabilities calculated by the derived CJS and the constrained parameter models. Thus, the influence of the two coexistent populations is not so notable that it could cause significant differences.
Key words: Apodemus flavicollis, survival, constrain parameter,
model selection
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Virágh, K. and Bartha, S. (2003): Species turnover as a function of vegetation pattern. - Tiscia 34, 47-56.
Abstract. In Hungary, during the secondary succession after deforestation xeromesophilous Brachypodium pinnatum community often develops and gradually turns into xerophilous grassland. This study reports on fine-scale plant species turnover in three types (Forest-type, Forest-steppe- and Steppe-types) of Brachypodium pinnatum dominated grassland, representing constrasting stages of steppe formation. Micro-maps of rooting individuals (or ramets) of vascular plant species were recorded in 20×110 grids of contiguous 5×5 cm microquadrats over three subsequent years. We found that local species turnover showed a slightly increasing tendency from forest to steppe types of Brachypodium grassland, coinciding with the declining dominance of Brachypodium pinnatum and the slightly increasing number of open spaces (gaps) for local plant colonization. Our results indicated that local species turnover patterns were temporally and spatially non-random in all Brachypodium grassland types. High and low local species turnovers were dependent on the spatial structure of vegetation. Spatial behaviors of some matrix-forming grass species proved to be important for structuring the fine-scale species turnover patterns. We found contrasting differences according to the abundances of species. Local turnovers were the lowest in the Brachypodium pinnatum dominated microquadrats of the Forest-type and similarly, in the Festuca rupicola dominated ones, but only in the Steppe-type. The highest turnovers were revealed in the Bromus erectus dominated microquadrats. Brachypodium pinnatum decelerated fine-scale turnovers in all types, as the relationship between pattern of presences of this species in the microquadrats and the spatial pattern of high local species turnovers was significantly negative. Festuca rupicola both accelerated and decelerated local turnovers, dependently from its coenological status. Spatial patterns of Bromus erectus and Festuca rupicola were not correlated only with the turnover patterns of Forest-steppe - type. It was stated that behaviour of key grass species in controlling the local species turnovers was not strictly specific but rather differed according to the various fine-scale vegetation patterns of grassland types.
Keywords: spatial associations, vegetation
dependent local species turnover, key grass species,
Brachypodium grassland
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Wilhelm, A. (2003): Growth of the mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum) in river Ér. - Tiscia 34, 57-60.
Abstract. Growth characteristics of the mudminnow were studied in river Ér on the basis of length and weight measurements of 252 individuals. Relationship between body length and weight was determined and the expected growth of the length was calculated with the Walford and Bertalanffy methods. Our results were compared with data of Slovakian populations.
Keywords: Bertalanffy model, body length,
body weight, Walford method
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